Every day, we are besieged with messages about beauty, unrealistic body images and fad diets. No matter what the cause, eating disorders are treatable — particularly when care is provided by an experienced, specially-trained team.
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This may increase their risk of medical complications linked to excess weight, such as heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes Summary People with binge eating disorder regularly and uncontrollably consume large amounts of food in short periods of time. Unlike people with other eating disorders, they do not purge. Pica is another eating disorder that involves eating things that are not considered food.
Individuals with pica crave non-food substances, such as ice, dirt, soil, chalk, soap, paper, hair, cloth, wool, pebbles, laundry detergent, or cornstarch 8. Pica can occur in adults, as well as children and adolescents. That said, this disorder is most frequently observed in children, pregnant women, and individuals with mental disabilities Individuals with pica may be at an increased risk of poisoning, infections, gut injuries, and nutritional deficiencies.
Depending on the substances ingested, pica may be fatal. Summary Individuals with pica tend to crave and eat non-food substances. This disorder may particularly affect children, pregnant women, and individuals with mental disabilities. Rumination disorder is another newly recognized eating disorder. It describes a condition in which a person regurgitates food they have previously chewed and swallowed, re-chews it, and then either re-swallows it or spits it out This rumination typically occurs within the first 30 minutes after a meal.
This disorder can develop during infancy, childhood, or adulthood. In infants, it tends to develop between 3—12 months of age and often disappears on its own. Children and adults with the condition usually require therapy to resolve it.
If not resolved in infants, rumination disorder can result in weight loss and severe malnutrition that can be fatal. Adults with this disorder may restrict the amount of food they eat, especially in public. This may lead them to lose weight and become underweight 8 , Summary Rumination disorder can affect people at all stages of life.
Then, they chew it again and either swallow it or spit it out. Individuals with this disorder experience disturbed eating either due to a lack of interest in eating or distaste for certain smells, tastes, colors, textures, or temperatures. Moreover, it does not include the avoidance or restriction of foods due to lack of availability or religious or cultural practices. This is either due to a lack of interest in food or an intense distaste for how certain foods look, smell, or taste.
In addition to the six eating disorders above, less-known or less common eating disorders also exist. These generally fall under one of three categories 8 :.
Although increasingly mentioned in the media and scientific studies, orthorexia has yet to be recognized as a separate eating disorder by the current DSM. Individuals with orthorexia tend to have an obsessive focus on healthy eating, to an extent that disrupts their daily lives.
This can lead to malnutrition, severe weight loss, difficulty eating outside the home, and emotional distress. Individuals with orthorexia rarely focus on losing weight.
Overview Eating disorders are serious conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions and your ability to function in important areas of life. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Sim LA expert opinion. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Feeding and eating disorders. Arlington, Va. Accessed Dec. Hales RE, et al. Washington, D. Rome ES, et al.
Eating disorders. Pediatrics in Review. Forman SF. Eating disorders: Overview of epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnosis. Accessed Nov. Eating disorders: Overview of prevention and treatment. Davis H, et al. Pharmacotherapy of eating disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Treatment of eating disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. Fogarty S, et al. They may be afraid that they will choke or vomit. They don't have anorexia, bulimia, or another medical problem that would explain their eating behaviors.
People with anorexia may find it hard to focus and have trouble remembering things. Mood changes and emotional problems include:. ARFID may lead to health problems that stem from poor nutrition, similar to anorexia. There's no single cause for eating disorders. Genes, environment, and stressful events all play a role.
Some things can increase a person's chance of having an eating disorder, such as:. Health care providers and mental health professionals diagnose eating disorders based on history, symptoms, thought patterns, eating behaviors, and an exam. The doctor will check weight and height and compare these to previous measurements on growth charts.
The doctor may order tests to see if there is another reason for the eating problems and to check for problems caused by the eating disorder. Eating disorders are best treated by a team that includes a doctor, dietitian, and therapist. Treatment includes nutrition counseling, medical care, and talk therapy individual, group, and family therapy. The doctor might prescribe medicine to treat binge eating, anxiety, depression, or other mental health concerns. The details of the treatment depend on the type of eating disorder and how severe it is.
Some people are hospitalized because of extreme weight loss and medical complications.
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