The average person needs only about mg of sodium every day; most people consume more than this—up to 10 times as much. Some studies have implicated increased sodium intake with high blood pressure; newer studies suggest that the link is questionable.
Skip to content Chapter 3. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. Know how ions form. Learn the characteristic charges that ions have. Construct a proper formula for an ionic compound. Generate a proper name for an ionic compound. Problems Name each species. Anions are named using the stem of the element name with the suffix -ide added.
This is the oxide anion. Because this species has no charge, it is an atom in its elemental form. This is cobalt. We note from Table 3. This is the cobalt II cation.
Test Yourself Name each species. Problems Write the proper ionic formula for each of the two given ions. This means we have to go to a least common multiple, which in this case will be six. Hence the proper ionic formula is Al 2 O 3. Test Yourself Write the proper ionic formulas for each of the two given ions. Problems Name each ionic compound. The name of this ionic compound is aluminum fluoride.
We know that cobalt can have more than one possible charge; we just need to determine what it is. Therefore, the proper name for this ionic compound is cobalt III oxide. Test Yourself Name each ionic compound. Sc 2 O 3 AgCl Answers scandium oxide silver chloride. Problems Write the proper formula and give the proper name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
Enclosing the formula for the ammonium ion in parentheses, we have NH 4 2 S. Because the ions have the same magnitude of charge, we need only one of each to balance the charges. The formula is AlPO 4 , and the name of the compound is aluminum phosphate. Neither charge is an exact multiple of the other, so we have to go to the least common multiple of 6.
Test Yourself Write the proper formula and give the proper name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions. Figure 3. This particular label shows that there are 75 mg of sodium in one serving of this particular food item. Ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons.
Ionic compounds have positive ions and negative ions. Ionic formulas balance the total positive and negative charges. Ionic compounds have a simple system of naming. Groups of atoms can have an overall charge and make ionic compounds. Questions Explain how cations form. Explain how anions form. Give the charge each atom takes when it forms an ion. If more than one charge is possible, list both. K O Co Give the charge each atom takes when it forms an ion.
Ca I Fe Give the charge each atom takes when it forms an ion. Note 2 : The elements in Group 0 do not react with other elements to form ions. Knowing the charges on the ions allows you to work out the formula of an ionic compound.
The formula will therefore be MX 2. When something loses electrons we say that it has been oxidised. When something gains electrons, we say it has been reduced. So in ionic bonding, the metals are oxidised and the non-metals are reduced.
We have seen that some elements lose different numbers of electrons, producing ions of different charges Figure 3. Iron, for example, can form two cations, each of which, when combined with the same anion, makes a different compound with unique physical and chemical properties. The same issue arises for other ions with more than one possible charge.
There are two ways to make this distinction. This system is used only for elements that form more than one common positive ion.
The second system, called the common system , is not conventional but is still prevalent and used in the health sciences. This system recognizes that many metals have two common cations.
The common system uses two suffixes - ic and - ous that are appended to the stem of the element name. The -ic suffix represents the greater of the two cation charges, and the -ous suffix represents the lower one.
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